Name: Mannitol
Class: Diuretic (Non-Metabolismolized Osmotic Diuretic)
Mechanism: Filtered into tubule space ® tubular fluid osmolality ® ¯ fluid reabsorption ® excretion of water and some Na+.
Absorption: IV only (oral ® osmotic diarrhea). Takes effect in 10 min.
Dist.:
Metabolism.:
Excretion, t½: 1.2 hr.
Toxicity/S.E.s: plasma osmolality. If GFR is reduced (e.g., renal failure or CHF), mannitol stays in ECF ® water movement from cells to ECF ® potential production/exacerbation of heart failure and hyponatremia. C/i—CHF, renal failure.
Utility: Prophylaxis against renal dysfunction (e.g., in major surgical procedures).
Special Features: