Pharmacology Mnemonics - Flash Cards

Name: Chromium

Class:

Mechanism: Part of several metalloenzymes

Absorption:

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s:

Utility:

Special Features: Deficiencies only in severely protein-deprived pts and pts. w/prolonged parenteral feeding.

Name: Cobalt

Class:

Mechanism: Present in vitamin B­₁₂.

Absorption:

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s:

Utility:

Special Features: No known deficiency states.

Name: Manganese

Class:

Mechanism: Present in several enzymes, required for normal bone structure.

Absorption:

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s:

Utility:

Special Features: No reported deficiencies. Excess limited to manganese miners.

Name: Fluoride

Class:

Mechanism: Present in bones and teeth. Fluoridation of drinking water at 1 ppm ® ¯ dental caries by 30-40%. Hardens outer layers of tooth enamel. Makes enamel more resistant to demineralization.

Absorption:

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s:

Utility:

Special Features: Excess (> 10 ppm in water) ® fluorosis (mottling of teeth) due to excess accumulation in teeth and bones.

Name: Selenium

Class:

Mechanism: Present in glutathione peroxidase which destroys peroxides derived from unsaturated fatty acids. Probably has a close functional relationship w/vitamin E.

Absorption:

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s:

Utility:

Special Features: RDA probably directly proportional to intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Name: Copper

Class:

Mechanism: Present in muscle, bone, liver, blood. In blood, almost entirely bound to ceruloplasmin. Component of many metalloenzymes such as cytochrome oxidase and tyrosinase.

Absorption:

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Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s:

Utility:

Special Features: Excess plasma free copper may be due to Wilson’s Disease (defective ceruloplasmin) or excessive intake.

Name: Zinc

Class:

Mechanism: Part of many metalloproteins (e.g., “zinc fingers”). Element of carbonic anhydrase.

Absorption:

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s:

Utility:

Special Features: Kids w/low Zinc often grow poorly and have a poor appetite (prob. 2° to impaired taste).