Pharmacology Mnemonics - Flash Cards

Name: Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)

Class: Diuretic (Thiazide)

Mechanism: Inhib. Na⁺ & Cl^- transport in the cortical thick ascending limb and the early distal tubule ® ­ NaCl and water excretion & ¯ excretion of Ca²⁺ and uric acid.

Absorption: Oral ® good absorption. Takes effect in 1 hr.

Dist.: Metabolism.: Excretion, t½: Long duration of action.

Toxicity/S.E.s: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, weakness, hypercalcemia, Metabolismolic alkalosis, postural hypotension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia (in patients w/DM), and rare hypersensitivity rxns. C/i—pts susceptible to problems with hypokalemia (cirrhosis, pts on digitalis), hyperuricemia (gout), or hypercalcemia. Adverse rxns w/digitalis, lithium. Altered doses of anti-diabetic agents required. Long-term NSAID use may decrease anti-HTN effects.

Utility: Treat hypertension, CHF, nephrotic synd., other Na⁺-retaining states. Reduce Ca²⁺ excretion (e.g., prevention of kidney stones).

Rel. ineffective in renal insuff.

Name: Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

Class: Diuretic (Thiazide)

Mechanism: Inhib. Na⁺ & Cl^- transport in the cortical thick ascending limb and the early distal tubule ® ­ NaCl and water excretion & ¯ excretion of Ca²⁺ and uric acid.

Absorption: Oral ® good absorption. Takes effect in 1 hr.

Dist.: Metabolism.: Excretion, t½: Short duration of action.

Toxicity/S.E.s: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, weakness, hypercalcemia, Metabolismolic alkalosis, postural hypotension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia (in patients w/DM), and rare hypersensitivity rxns. C/i—pts susceptible to problems with hypokalemia (cirrhosis, pts on digitalis), hyperuricemia (gout), or hypercalcemia. Adverse rxns w/digitalis, lithium. Altered doses of anti-diabetic agents required. Long-term NSAID use may decrease anti-HTN effects.

Utility: Treat hypertension, CHF, nephrotic synd., other Na⁺-retaining states. Reduce Ca²⁺ excretion (e.g., prevention of kidney stones).

Rel. ineffective in renal insuff

Name: Chlorthalidone (Hygroton)

Class: Diuretic (Thiazide)

Mechanism: Inhib. Na⁺ & Cl^- transport in the cortical thick ascending limb and the early distal tubule ® ­ NaCl and water excretion, & ¯ excretion of Ca²⁺ and uric acid.

Absorption: Oral ® good absorption. Takes effect in 1 hr.

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, Metabolismolic alkalosis, postural hypotension, hyperglycemia (in patients w/DM), and rare hypersensitivity rxns. C/i—pts susceptible to problems with hypokalemia (cirrhosis, pts on digitalis), hyperuricemia (gout), or hypercalcemia.

Utility: Treat hypertension, CHF, nephrotic synd., other Na⁺-retaining states. Reduce Ca²⁺ excretion (e.g., prevention of kidney stones).

Special Features: Most commonly prescribed class of diuretics. Milder diuretic action than loop diuretics. Rel. ineffective in renal insuff.

Name: Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

Class: Diuretic (Thiazide)

Mechanism: Inhib. Na⁺ & Cl^- transport in the cortical thick ascending limb and the early distal tubule ® ­ NaCl and water excretion, & ¯ excretion of Ca²⁺ and uric acid.

Absorption: Oral ® good absorption. Takes effect in 1 hr.

Dist.: Metabolism.: Excretion, t½: Short duration of action.

Toxicity/S.E.s: Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperuricemia, weakness, hypercalcemia, Metabolismolic alkalosis, postural hypotension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia (in patients w/DM), and rare hypersensitivity rxns. C/i—pts susceptible to problems with hypokalemia (cirrhosis, pts on digitalis), hyperuricemia (gout), or hypercalcemia. Adverse rxns w/digitalis, lithium. Altered doses of anti-diabetic agents required. Long-term NSAID use may decrease anti-HTN effects.

Utility: Treat hypertension, CHF, nephrotic synd., other Na⁺-retaining states. Reduce Ca²⁺ excretion (e.g., prevention of kidney stones).

Rel. ineffective in renal insuff