Pharmacology Mnemonics - Flash Cards

Name: Vitamin K₁ (Phytonadione)

Class: Anticoagulant Antagonist

Mechanism: Vit. K is necessary for g-carboxylation of thrombin, factors VII, IX, & X, and proteins C & S. The g-carboxylated residues are required for binding Ca²⁺, which is essential for their activity.

Absorption: Oral or SC preferred. IV admin. may cause shock or anaphylaxis.

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s: IV admin. may cause shock or anaphylaxis.

Utility: Reverse excessive bleeding due to warfarin—indicated for severe or continued bleeding if warfarin dosage adjustment is unsuccessful.

Special Features: Significant improvement in hemostasis may require as long as 24 hr. If immediate hemostasis is necessary, fresh frozen plasma should be infused.

Name: Protamine Sulfate

Class: Anticoagulant Antagonist

Mechanism: Binds tightly to heparin and rapidly reverses its effects. Also interacts w/platelets, fibrinogen, and other plasma proteins ® anticoagulant effect.

Absorption: IV infusion—slow rate.

Dist.:

Metabolism.:

Excretion, t½:

Toxicity/S.E.s:

Utility: Treat life-threatening hemorrhage 2° to heparin use.

Special Features: Use minimal effective dose.